پژوهشگاه علوم و فناوری اطلاعات ایران (ایرانداک) پژوهشنامه پردازش و مدیریت اطلاعات 2251-8223 40 ویژه نامه انگلیسی 4 2025 07 23 Drones as Mobile 5G Base Stations with Expanding Coverage in Remote Areas Drones as Mobile 5G Base Stations with Expanding Coverage in Remote Areas 667 697 728308 10.22034/jipm.2025.728308 FA Laith S. Ismail Al-Turath University, Baghdad 10013, Iraq 0000-0002-8129-3364 Sarah Haitham Jameel Al-Mansour University College, Baghdad 10067, Iraq 0009-0002-3091-2759 Kuduev Altynbek Zhalilbekovich Osh State University, Osh City 723500, Kyrgyzstan 0000-0002-3345-1364 Saad Jabbar Abbas Al-Rafidain University College Baghdad 10064, Iraq 0000-0001-7491-3345 Ali Alsaray Madenat Alelem University College, Baghdad 10006, Iraq 0009-0000-7155-5431 Journal Article 2025 08 11 <strong>ABSTRACT</strong><br /><strong>Background:</strong> The rapid development of fifth-generation (5G) networks highlights challenges in extending coverage to remote and underserved areas due to infrastructure limitations and cost constraints. UAVs (drones) equipped with 5G base stations emerge as an innovative solution to this problem.<br /><strong>Objective:</strong> This study aims to analyze the potential of drones as mobile 5G base stations to enhance connectivity in remote regions, addressing challenges like optimal deployment, energy efficiency, and user coverage.<br /><strong>Methods:</strong> The research utilizes algorithms like Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) for placement and energy management of drone-based 5G stations. Simulation models were employed to test these algorithms, with key metrics including coverage efficiency and energy consumption.<br /><strong>Results: </strong>The study shows that drone-based stations can significantly improve coverage in remote areas, achieving up to 95% user coverage with optimized algorithms. Tethered drones and advanced energy management strategies were instrumental in enhancing endurance.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Drones as mobile 5G base stations present a feasible and scalable approach to bridging the digital divide in remote regions. However, energy and regulatory challenges remain critical areas for future research. <strong>ABSTRACT</strong><br /><strong>Background:</strong> The rapid development of fifth-generation (5G) networks highlights challenges in extending coverage to remote and underserved areas due to infrastructure limitations and cost constraints. UAVs (drones) equipped with 5G base stations emerge as an innovative solution to this problem.<br /><strong>Objective:</strong> This study aims to analyze the potential of drones as mobile 5G base stations to enhance connectivity in remote regions, addressing challenges like optimal deployment, energy efficiency, and user coverage.<br /><strong>Methods:</strong> The research utilizes algorithms like Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) for placement and energy management of drone-based 5G stations. Simulation models were employed to test these algorithms, with key metrics including coverage efficiency and energy consumption.<br /><strong>Results: </strong>The study shows that drone-based stations can significantly improve coverage in remote areas, achieving up to 95% user coverage with optimized algorithms. Tethered drones and advanced energy management strategies were instrumental in enhancing endurance.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Drones as mobile 5G base stations present a feasible and scalable approach to bridging the digital divide in remote regions. However, energy and regulatory challenges remain critical areas for future research. https://jipm.irandoc.ac.ir/article_728308_c02f1360dcc66ac2daa0b1ccc7f34fcc.pdf