Iranian Journal of Information Processing and Management

Iranian Journal of Information Processing and Management

Drones as Mobile 5G Base Stations with Expanding Coverage in Remote Areas

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Laith S. Ismail 1
Sarah Haitham Jameel 2
Kuduev Altynbek Zhalilbekovich 3
Saad Jabbar Abbas 4
Ali Alsaray 5
1 Al-Turath University, Baghdad 10013, Iraq
2 Al-Mansour University College, Baghdad 10067, Iraq
3 Osh State University, Osh City 723500, Kyrgyzstan
4 Al-Rafidain University College Baghdad 10064, Iraq
5 Madenat Alelem University College, Baghdad 10006, Iraq
10.22034/jipm.2025.728308
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background: The rapid development of fifth-generation (5G) networks highlights challenges in extending coverage to remote and underserved areas due to infrastructure limitations and cost constraints. UAVs (drones) equipped with 5G base stations emerge as an innovative solution to this problem.
Objective: This study aims to analyze the potential of drones as mobile 5G base stations to enhance connectivity in remote regions, addressing challenges like optimal deployment, energy efficiency, and user coverage.
Methods: The research utilizes algorithms like Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) for placement and energy management of drone-based 5G stations. Simulation models were employed to test these algorithms, with key metrics including coverage efficiency and energy consumption.
Results: The study shows that drone-based stations can significantly improve coverage in remote areas, achieving up to 95% user coverage with optimized algorithms. Tethered drones and advanced energy management strategies were instrumental in enhancing endurance.
Conclusion: Drones as mobile 5G base stations present a feasible and scalable approach to bridging the digital divide in remote regions. However, energy and regulatory challenges remain critical areas for future research.
Keywords
KEYWORDS: Drones
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)
5G
Remote Areas
Deployment Algorithms
Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)
Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO)
Energy Efficiency
Coverage
Mobile Networks

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  • Receive Date 11 August 2025