Advancements in Open RAN and the Decentralization of Telecom Networks

Hamodi Aljanabi, Yaser Issam; Yehia Hussain, Salah; Tolkun Mamataevna, Papieva; S. Al-Doori, Vian; Mohamed Brieg, Jassim

doi:10.22034/jipm.2025.728406

Advancements in Open RAN and the Decentralization of Telecom Networks

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Yaser Issam Hamodi Aljanabi ¹

Salah Yehia Hussain ²

Papieva Tolkun Mamataevna ³

Vian S. Al-Doori ⁴

Jassim Mohamed Brieg ⁵

¹ Al-Turath University, Baghdad 10013, Iraq,

² Al-Mansour University College, Baghdad 10067, Iraq

³ Osh State University, Osh City 723500, Kyrgyzstan

⁴ Al-Rafidain University College Baghdad 10064, Iraq

⁵ Madenat Alelem University College, Baghdad 10006, Iraq

10.22034/jipm.2025.728406

Abstract

ABSTRACT
Background: In the article, the author explores the possibilities of Open Radio Access Network (Open RAN) as a revolutionary idea to democratize telecom networks.
Objective: The study aims to compare the efficiency, cost, flexibility, scalability, and performance of Open RAN against conventional RAN systems.
Methods: The study used simulation, cost modeling and execution of real-world case studies with support from Rakuten Mobile, Vodafone, Telefónica, MTN, and DISH Network. The approach also employed prescriptive analytics to evaluate the deployment of relatively new paradigms like blockchain and AI into Open RAN environments.
Results: The study shows that Open RAN leads to substantial CAPEX and OPEX cost saving with a further enhancement in the key network performance metric such as latency by 20% and throughputs by 25%. Additional improvements of 30% demonstrate that Open RAN is also an environmentally friendly solution. The validations also showed how it could expand to both heavily populated large cities and sparsely populated rural areas to improve both coverage and mobility.
Conclusion: However, some of the disadvantages that surfaced include; the problem of compatibility, high costs of implementation in the initial stages, and compliance with set regulatory standards. These underscore the need for standardized and coherent protocols and frameworks to enable widespread implementation. Open RAN is highly transformative in modern telecommunications due to the fact that it is affordable, expandable and eco-friendly. Due to its Flexible/Modular design in combination with advanced technologies, it acts as key enabler for future networks such as 5G, 6G and more and tackles Global connectivity and efficiency problems.

Keywords

KEYWORDS: Open RAN

telecommunications

network scalability

cost efficiency

modular architecture

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