ارائه چارچوبی برای ارزیابی وبگاه‌ها از منظر معماری اطلاعات

نویسنده

پژوهشگاه علوم و فناوری اطلاعات ایران (ایرانداک)؛تهران، ایران.

چکیده

در عصر حاضر که حجم اطلاعات به‌صورت نمایی در حال افزایش است و کاربران گزینه‌های زیادی برای دسترسی به اطلاعات مورد نیاز خود دارند، نشر و اشاعه اطلاعات در محیط وب باید با دقت بیشتر و مبتنی بر اصولی مشخص صورت گیرد. از این رو، اگر سازمان‌ها به‌دنبال جلب رضایت کاربران خود در استفاده از وبگاه‌هایشان هستند باید ضمن شناخت نیازها و رفتار کاربران، درک روشنی از اهداف کسب‌وکار خود و نوع محتوایی داشته باشند که قصد ارائه آن را در بستر وب دارند. بدین‌منظور عناصر اطلاعاتی باید به‌نحوی مناسب سازماندهی و برچسب‌زنی شوند تا بتوانند به‌راحتی در دسترس کاربران قرار گرفته و قابل فهم باشند. چنین چالش‌هایی موضوع معماری اطلاعات، به‌عنوان یک حوزه عملی و یک زمینه پژوهشی است.
نقش معماری اطلاعات در کاربردپذیری محیط‌های اطلاعاتی از یک سو و نیاز سازمان‌ها و کسب‌وکارها به ایجاد بستری اطلاعاتی برای تعامل هدفمند و سازنده با مخاطبان و کاربران خود و ارائه خدمت به آن‌ها از سوی دیگر، اهمیت به‌کارگیری اصول معماری اطلاعات در سازمان‌ها را برجسته می‌سازد. با توجه به آنچه گفته شد، در این پژوهش قصد داریم که ضمن تبیین سیستم معماری اطلاعات، به بررسی و معرفی اجزای مختلف آن بپردازیم. سپس، با بهره‌گیری از مطالعات اسنادی و پنل خبرگی، چارچوبی برای ارزیابی معماری اطلاعات در وبگاه به‌عنوان بستر اصلی تعامل با کاربران سازمان پیشنهاد خواهیم داد.
چارچوب پیشنهادی، سیستم معماری اطلاعات را در یک فضای بزرگ‌‌‌تر با نام محیط اطلاعاتی در نظر می‌گیرد. محیط اطلاعاتی از سه مؤلفه بافت، محتوا و کاربر تشکیل می‌شود. کاربر به‌دنبال بهره‌برداری از محتواست و این محتوا برای بافت محیط اطلاعاتی که معرف سازمان و کسب‌وکار آن است، تولید ارزش می‌کند. از سوی دیگر، بافت به‌دنبال بهبود محتواست و محتوا نیز در جذب کاربر مؤثر است. با شناخت هر یک از این مؤلفه‌ها و توجه به روابط بین آن‌ها، نیازهای محیط اطلاعاتی مشخص شده و به سیستم معماری اطلاعات وارد می‌شود. سیستم معماری اطلاعات خود از چهار زیرسیستم به نام‌های سازماندهی، برچسب‌زنی، پیمایش، و جست‌وجو تشکیل یافته که بر یکدیگر تأثیرات متقابلی داشته و در بهبود هم نقش دارند. سیستم سازماندهی ساختار و دسته‌بندی اطلاعات یک وبگاه را مشخص می‌کند، سیستم برچسب‌زنی اطلاعات مرتب‌شده توسط سیستم سازماندهی را با کمک برچسب‌هایی توصیف می‌کند، سیستم پیمایش به کاربر کمک می‌کند که در وبگاه حرکت کرده و به محتوا و اطلاعات مورد نظر دسترسی پیدا کند، و سیستم جست‌وجو به نوار جست‌وجو و امکانات آن در یک وبگاه اشاره دارد. برای ارزیابی هر یک از زیرسیستم‌های معماری اطلاعات در چارچوب پیشنهادی، یک سیاهه وارسی ارائه شده که از اجماع نظر خبرگان به‌دست آمده است. در نهایت، ارزیاب می‌تواند با شناسایی مؤلفه‌های محیط اطلاعاتی و با کمک این سیاهه‌های وارسی نسبت به ارزیابی معماری اطلاعات وبگاه اقدام کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

An Information Architecture Evaluation Framework for Websites

نویسنده [English]

  • Amir Hossein Seddighi
چکیده [English]

Nowadays the volume of information is exponentially increasing, and users have many options to access the information they need. Thus, the dissemination of information on the web needs to be done more carefully and based on specific principles. If organizations want to satisfy their websites’ users, they have to understand the needs and behaviors of users, and have a clear understanding of their business goals and the type of content they intend to present on the web. To this end, information elements must be properly organized and labeled so that they can be easily accessible and understandable by users. Such challenges are the subject of information architecture as a field of practice and research.
The role of information architecture in the applicability of information environments on the one hand and the organizations’ and businesses’ needs to create information platforms for purposeful and productive interaction with their audiences and users and to serve them on the other hand, highlight the importance of applying the information architecture principles in organizations. In this regard, we first introduce and explain the different components of the information architecture system. Then, we propose a framework for evaluating information architecture for websites as the main platform for interacting with users using library research and expert panel.
The proposed framework considers the information architecture system in a larger space called the information environment. The information environment consists of three components: context, content, and user. The user seeks to exploit the content, and the content generates value for the context of the information environment that represents the organization and its business. On the other hand, the context seeks to improve the content, and the content is also effective in attracting users. By recognizing each of these components and paying attention to their relationships, the needs of the information environment are identified and integrated into the information architecture system. The information architecture system consists of four subsystems namely, organization, labeling, navigation, and search systems that interact and contribute to each other. The organization system defines the information structure and classification in a website. The labeling system describes the information sorted by the organization system with the help of labels. The navigation system helps the user navigate the site and access the content and information they need. The search system refers to the search bar and its features on a web site. To evaluate each of the information architecture subsystems within the proposed framework, a checklist is provided, which is obtained by consensus of experts. Finally, the assessor can evaluate the information architecture of the website by identifying the components of the information environment and using these checklists.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Information Architecture
  • Information Environment
  • Website evaluation
  • Checklist
  • Information Technology
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