فهم و برداشت دانشجویان از تجربۀ پدیده جست‌وجو و بازیابی اطلاعات در فرایند پژوهش: مطالعه پدیدارنگاری

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد؛ مشهد، ایران؛

2 گروه علم اطلاعات و دانش‌شناسی؛ دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد؛ مشهد، ایران؛

چکیده

فرایند جست‌وجو و بازیابی اطلاعات فرایندی شناختی و بسیار پیچیده است. یکی از رویکردهای مهم در کشف و درک این فرایند، بررسی تجربه‌های کاربران است. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی فهم و برداشت تجربه دانشجویان دکتری از پدیده جست‌وجو و بازیابی اطلاعات در فرایند پژوهش انجام شد.

رویکرد پژوهش حاضر تفسیری بود که با روش پژوهش کیفی پدیدارنگاری به اجرا در‌آمد. مشارکت‌کنندگان در پژوهش حاضر دانشجویان دکتری حوزه‌های گوناگون دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد در سال ۱۳۹۷ بودند. نمونه‌گیری به‌صورت هدفمند، معیار و گلوله‌برفی بود. تنوع حداکثر در انتخاب نمونه در نظر گرفته شد و تا اشباع نظری داده‌ها ادامه یافت. مصاحبه نیمه‌ساختاریافته از ۲۰ دانشجو صورت گرفت. مصاحبه‌ها پیاده‌سازی شده و به‌ شکل استقرایی و با شیوه کدگذاری نظری در نرم‌افزار «ماکس‌کیودا ۱۲» ‌مورد تحلیل قرار گرفت.
نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که پس از تحلیل داده‌های گردآوری‌شده از مصاحبه‌ها، شش طبقه توصیفی از چگونگی درک و تجربه دانشجویان دکتری تخصصی از پدیده جست‌وجو و بازیابی اطلاعات پدیدار گردید. شش طبقه جست‌وجو و بازیابی اطلاعات به‌‌مثابه دریایی بی‌انتها، گنجینه‌ای ارزشمند، جاده‌ای پر از چراغ، کلیدی برای نجات، خوردن میوه دلخواه، و پلی برای رسیدن به دانش بودند. نتایج نشان داد که دانشجویان پدیده جست‌وجو و بازیابی اطلاعات در فرایند پژوهش را مهم و ضروری توصیف کرده و مشکل اصلی آن‌ها در ‌زمینه یادگیری و آموزش مهارت‌های لازم برای جست‌وجو و بازیابی اطلاعات بود که احساس ناخوشایندی در آن‌ها به‌وجود می‌آورد.

گرچه این پژوهش با توجه به نوع و ماهیت کیفی خود به‌دنبال تعمیم یافته‌های حاصل از پژوهش حاضر نیست، اما با توجه به یافته‌ها و بر طبق آنچه در فضای نتیجه ارائه شد، درک و توصیف دانشجویان از پدیده جست‌وجو و بازیابی اطلاعات با توجه به محدودیت‌ها و مشکلات زیادی که آن‌ها بیان کردند، زنگ خطر و هشداری برای نظام آموزش عالی است و باید مورد توجه قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Conception and understanding of PhD Students from Information Seeking and Retrieval Experience in Their Research Process: A Phenomenographic Study

نویسندگان [English]

  • Tahereh Rigi 1
  • Mohammad Hosien Dayani 2
  • Rahmatollah Fattahi 2
چکیده [English]

The process of information seeking and retrieval is a very complex cognitive process. One of the important approaches to exploring and understanding this process is to examine the user’s experiences. The purpose of this study was to concept and understand the Ph.D. students’ experience of the phenomenon of information seeking and retrieval in their research process.

The approach of this study was interpretative that was carried out through qualitative phenomenographical research method. The participants in this study were Ph.D. students in different fields at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2019. Sampling was purposeful, criterion and snowball. The maximum diversity was considered in the sample selection and was continued to the theoretical saturation of data. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 students. Interviews were implemented and analyzed through an inductive and theoretical coding method using MAQDA12 software.

The results showed that after analyzing the data gathered from the interviews, six descriptive categories emerged about how Ph.D. students perceived and experienced the information seeking and retrieval phenomenon. Six categories were information seeking and retrieval as an endless sea, a valuable treasure, a road full of lights, the key to rescuing, eating the desired fruit, and a bridge to reach knowledge. The results showed that the Ph.D. students described the information seeking and retrieval in their research process as important and necessary and that their main problem was learning and teaching which made them feel unpleasant.
Although this qualitative study does not aim to generalize the findings, however, according to the findings of the present research at the outcome space, this type of students’ perception and description of information seeking and retrieval phenomena at the highest academic degree is an alarm for the higher education system and should be taken seriously into consideration.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Information Seeking and Retrieval
  • Research
  • Descriptive Category
  • Interpretation Approach
  • phenomenography

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 19 آذر 1401
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 20 آذر 1402
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 19 آذر 1401

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