پژوهشنامه پردازش و مدیریت اطلاعات

پژوهشنامه پردازش و مدیریت اطلاعات

شناسایی کارکردها و مزایای هوش مصنوعی در قضاوت با استفاده از روش فراترکیب

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت فناوری اطالعات؛ دانشگاه خوارزمی؛ تهران،
2 دکتری مدیریت فناوری اطلاعات؛ استادیار؛ دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی؛ تهران،
چکیده
هوش مصنوعی می‌تواند تحولی چشمگیر در فرایندهای قضایی ایجاد کند و با ارائه راهکارهای نوین، کارایی، دقت و عدالت را در سیستم قضایی ارتقا بخشد. این پژوهش با استفاده از روش فراترکیب به بررسی کارکردها و مزایای هوش مصنوعی در نظام قضایی پرداخته است. در این پژوهش از چهار پایگاه داده معتبر شامل «اسکالر»، «هین‌آنلاین»، «امرالد» و «ساینس‌دایرکت» برای جست‌وجوی مقالات علمی در زمینه عدالت دیجیتال و قضاوت الکترونیک استفاده شد. کلیدواژه‌هایی مانند «قاضی دیجیتال»، «قضاوت الکترونیک» و «عدالت دیجیتال» برای شناسایی مقالات مرتبط به‌کار رفتند. نتایج جست‌وجو منجر به شناسایی 680 مقاله شد که پس از غربالگری، 35 مقاله مرتبط با موضوع هوش مصنوعی در نظام قضایی انتخاب شدند. در این مقاله، کارکردهای هوش مصنوعی برای قضات در دو مرحله اصلی دسته‌بندی شده‌اند: حین قضاوت، به‌عنوان نمونه، پیش‌بینی نتایج پرونده‌ها، حمایت از تصمیم‌گیری قضات، تسریع رسیدگی به پرونده‌ها از طریق خودکارسازی فرایندها، و ارائه پیش‌نویس رأی؛ پس از قضاوت، مانند بازنگری و اصلاح قوانین، سنجش تأثیر قوانین، و افزایش شفافیت در احکام. همچنین مزایای هوش مصنوعی در سه حوزه کلی بررسی شده است. مزایای انسانی مانند بهبود تصمیم‌گیری قضات، کاهش حجم کار آن‌ها، و افزایش رضایت شهروندان. مزایای فناورانه مانند افزایش دقت در تحلیل اسناد، استفاده از فناوری‌های نوین مانند واقعیت مجازی، و کاهش هزینه‌ها. مزایای حاکمیتی و حقوقی، مانند کاهش جرم و جنایت، بهبود دسترسی به عدالت، و افزایش شفافیت سیستم قضایی. نتایج پژوهش‌ها نشان می‌دهد که هوش مصنوعی نه به‌عنوان جایگزین قضات، بلکه به‌عنوان ابزاری مکمل می‌تواند نظام قضایی را متحول کند. پیشنهاد می‌شود قضات در زمینه فناوری‌های مرتبط آموزش ببینند، الگوریتم‌ها به‌گونه‌ای طراحی شوند که از سوگیری جلوگیری کنند و قوانین مناسبی برای تنظیم استفاده از هوش مصنوعی تدوین گردد. این پژوهش می‌تواند مبنایی برای سیاست‌گذاری‌های آینده در حوزه فناوری و حقوق باشد و راه را برای تحقیقات بیشتر در این زمینه هموار سازد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Identifying Functions and Benefits of Artificial Intelligence in Judgement Using the Metasynthesis Method

نویسندگان English

Shima Arjmand 1
Narges Farzaneh Kondori 2
1 PhD student in Information Technology Management, Kharazmi University Researcher; Judiciary Research Institute; Tehran
2 PhD in Information Technology Management; Assistant Professor; Allameh Tabataba’i; Tehran
چکیده English

Artificial intelligence can significantly transform judicial processes and improve efficiency, accuracy, and justice in the judicial system by providing new solutions. This study uses the meta-synthesis method to examine the functions and benefits of artificial intelligence in the judicial system. In this study, four reputable databases, including Scholar, Hein Online, Emerald, and Science Direct, were used to search for scientific articles in the field of digital justice and e-judgment. Keywords such as digital judge, e-judgment, and digital justice were used to identify relevant articles. The search results identified 680 articles, of which 35 articles related to the topic of artificial intelligence in the judicial system were selected after screening. In this article, the functions of artificial intelligence for judges are categorized into two main stages: during the judgment, for example, predicting the outcomes of cases, supporting judges' decision-making, accelerating the handling of cases by automating processes, and providing draft verdicts; and after the judgment, such as reviewing and amending laws, measuring the impact of laws, and increasing transparency in judgments. The benefits of AI have also been examined in three general areas. Human benefits, such as improving judges' decision-making, reducing their workload, and increasing citizen satisfaction. Technological benefits, such as increasing the accuracy of document analysis, using new technologies such as virtual reality, and reducing costs. Governance and legal benefits, such as reducing crime, improving access to justice, and increasing the transparency of the judicial system. The results of the research show that AI can transform the judicial system not as a replacement for judges, but as a complementary tool. It is suggested that judges be trained in related technologies, algorithms be designed to prevent bias, and appropriate laws be developed to regulate the use of AI. This research can be a basis for future policymaking in the fields of technology and law and pave the way for further research in this field.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Artificial Intelligence
Digital Judge
Digital Justice
Electronic Judiciary
Metasynthesis
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